Varicose veins are a pathological process that is characterized by an increase in the light of blood vessels that provide blood flow, thinning of their walls and deformation to the formation of nodes and ruptures. For anatomical reasons, the disease is most frequently found in the veins of the lower extremities.
The external signs of the varicose veins are not an exceptionally aesthetic problem: "stars" vascular, which stand out a dark tone, only symptoms of blood circulation disorders, which are full of consequences that threaten life.
The mechanism for the development of varicose veins in the legs
The mechanism for the development of varicose veins is associated with a decrease in the functionality of venous valves. They are subject to large mechanical loads, therefore, under the influence of genetic factors, hormonal jumps, inflammations in the tissues of the lower limbs and loads, they weaken and do not avoid the opposite flow of blood. Inflammation occurs at the bottom of stagnant phenomena associated with high viscosity of blood, hypodinamia or prolonged stay in standing or sitting.
The pressure of excessive blood volume on the walls of the veins deforms, depriving the functionality of the muscle and the nerve venous wall, which provide their stable tone. The stagnation of the blood, the outstanding of the blood vessels and the inflammation of their walls often lead to the formation of accumulations of blood cells, which overlap in the light of the veins.
Varicose veins in the legs, therefore, is not a superficial problem associated with mechanical damage in the subcutaneous vessel or temporal phenomena, but a deeper circulatory disorder that developed in the patient's prone to the disease under the influence of risk factors.
The disease medication therapy is aimed at:
- Toning the walls of the blood vessels;
- elimination of inflammation;
- blood liquefaction;
- Prevention of blood clots.
In the absence of adequate treatment, which is dangerous for varicose veins of the lower extremities can become a reality for each of the patients with this disease.
In 80% of cases, women suffer from varicose veins in their legs. The main thing that is dangerous varicose veins in women is the probability of early development of the disease due to hormonal leaps during puberty or pregnancy. During the fetus's bearing, only soft therapy that does not have the teratogenic effect is possible. The additional load of the legs, the lack of intensive treatment and the load during attempts can stimulate the aggravation of the disease.
What threatens the varicose veins?
As a general rule, thrombophlebitis and other dangerous consequences of varicose veins in the third stage of venous insufficiency are produced. Symptoms of the late stages of vascular failure:
- Constant severity in the legs;
- swelling;
- The darkening of the skin in the area of the ankles.
Dermatitis, eczema and skin inflammation cause violation of blood circulation in the limbs.
Telengiectasia is the least dangerous consequence of venous insufficiency. The condition is characterized by the appearance of "vascular and" stars "networks, accompanied by edema, leg fatigue, the regular occurrence of a feeling of numbness and night convulsions in caviar. The aesthetic defect is one of the reasons why women often resort to phlebologist in the early stages of varicose veins. In an effort to save beautiful legs, patients care about their health.
Subcutaneous bleeding and veins spaces
Thrombophlebitis: Thrombosis against the bottom of the inflammation of the venous wall and the stagnation of the blood in an expanded glass. The disease developed is characterized by the compaction and pain of palpation (survey) of the affected vessel, as well as the redness of the skin around the thrombus. Thrombophlebitis develops about 25% of patients who have diagnosed varicose veins. The blood clots found in the superficial veins have a low danger of separation with health damage, however, in the case of promoting a blood clot along a subcutaneous or perforated vessel, immediate hospitalization is necessary.
Deep thrombosis is much more dangerous than varicose veins and thrombophlebitis. The blood clots formed in deep vessels of the lower extremities are capable of separating and obstructing the pulmonary artery, which leads to death. The characteristic symptoms of deep venous thrombosis are the severe edema of the limb that occurs in a short time, and acute pain in the calf or the femoral muscle. The spread of the pathological process at the deep vessels of the lower extremities can be observed in the posterior stages of the varicose veins.
A trophic ulcer is a deep dermis defect that is formed in the posterior stages due to the deteriorated blood flow in the surface layers of the skin. It represents a long and tight painful wound, which is difficult to give in to therapy.
The varicosis of the veins of the lower extremities is one of the risk factors in the development of such pathology in other vessels of the small pelvis of men and women.
Medical measures against the consequences of varicose veins
The treatment of the complications of varicose veins in the legs, as a rule, begins with pharmacological therapy for primary disease.
To reduce the deformation of blood vessels, which expand due to a decrease in tone, venotonic -based venotonic, Godmine, sculpting, etc. are prescribed.
With the inflammation of venous walls, medications are prescribed from the group of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets and gels. Oral reception of anti -inflammatory drugs is recommended for thrombophlebitis.
A decrease in blood viscosity is achieved using the local use of ointments with anticoagulant components and the oral intake of routine and methylxantine derivatives, which have antiagregantami properties.
The superficial manifestations of the varicose veins in the legs (including telangiectasia) are eliminated by sclerotherapy (pasteing the walls of the affected vessel using a special medication). The procedure does not cause significant health damage and does not violate blood flow, because during rehabilitation, the function of superficial veins cross the deep vessels.
With deep venous thrombosis, bed rest is prescribed, the intravenous administration of anticoagulants and anti -cargans with the control of the viscosity of the blood. Surgical treatment for thrombosis of deep vessels and thrombophlebitis (including large subcutaneous veins) indicates whether there is a high risk of blocking of the pulmonary artery. The treatment of trophic ulcers aims to stimulate wound healing and primary disease therapy.
Preventive measures
The prevention of varicose complications includes the following measures:
- dressing compression linen;
- Physiotherapy Physical Education;
- exclusion of a long sitting and standing;
- The choice of shoes with a heel is 2. 5 to 6 cm;
- Enrichment of fiber diet and vitamin sources B1, C, E and P;
- compliance with the water standard (2. 5 l);
- Contrasting water procedures;
- rejection of hormonal contraceptives (the effect of COC on the female body includes increasing the risk of thrombosis);
- Popular methods (compresses, bathrooms, etc. ).
Early diagnosis of varicose veins, appropriate timely treatment and a decrease in the effect of risk factors prevent the development of disease complications. The use of minimally invasive surgical methods in some cases eliminates not only aesthetic problems, but also the probability of aggravation of the pathological process.